bx.%SiS md,lhkaf.ka fï rg fírd .ekSu i|yd isxy,hska 1815 § W!fõ le/,a,la lf<ah' 1848 § uykqjr we;sjQ le<ô,a,la uev meje;ajQ miqj bx.%Sish ;o kS;s mkjd isxy,hkag ;ukaf.a rfÜu Ôj;aùug fkdyels ;;a;ajhla we;s lf<ah' isxy,hska Ôj;ajQfha ieÕù fukah' whnÿ wh lr.kakg;a lghq;= l< wdldrh ksid isxy,hskag fkdfhla ÿla lrorj,g uqyqKmEug isÿúh' whnÿ f.ùug fkdyels jQ isxy,hka jD;a;Ska mjd w;yer oud .ï j,ska mek .shy'

,xldfõ Okh bx.%Siska fj; ,efnk mßÈ fkdfhl=;a nÿ mkjk ,oS' mdr noao" f;dgqfmd< noao" n¨ noao wd§ fkdfhl=;a nÿ mekjQfha isxy,hskag ;snQ Okh iQrd lEugh' fï ;;a;ajh ksid isxy,fhda fldgia jYfhka fkdfhl=;a m<d;aj, ke.S isákakg jQy' fn!oaO úydr foam< j,skao lsisu jpkhlaj;a fkdlshd nÿ wh lrkakg;a nqoaOd.ug;a" NslaIQka jykafia,dg;a bx.%SiSka fkdi,ld yeÍu fn!oaOhskaf.a is;a ;=< úYd, lïmdjla we;s lf<ah' isxy, rcqkaf.a ld,fha§ nqÿ iuhg úfYaI ie,ls,s ,enq‚' fndfyda isxy,hska fï ld,fha l,amkd lf<a kej; jrla furg md,kh rc flfkl=g ndr Èh hq;= njhs' wo ,xldfõ ckhd ,jd fkdfhl=;a fm;aiï w;aika lr.kakd fia to;a bx.%Sis md,lhskag úfrdaOh m< lrk fm;aiï oyia .Kkla w;aika ;enQy' tfy;a fï w;aika ;nd jeä Èkla .; jQfha ke;'

1848 cQ,s ui 28 jeksod ud;f,a yd i;a fldar<h ;=<ska f.dx.df,af.dv nKavdf.a kdhl;ajfhka oyia .Kka isxy, ler,slrejka tlaù m<uqfjkau l=reKE., n,d .shy' l=reKE., iy lE.,a, w,a,df.k kej; uykqjr hg;a lr .ekSu ler,slrejkaf.a ie,iqu úh'

fï ler,sldrhka iu. fï igkg ro,hska tlajQfha ke;' idudkH ck;dj yd f.dùka úfYaIfhkau tlajQfha nÿ j,ska myr jeÿfka ta fldgig ksidh' ,xldfõ fkdfhl=;a m<d;a j,ska fï igkg tlajQy' fï ksid ler,s kdhlhskag fï ckhd w;r yuqod msysgqjd .ekSug yelsúh' fuhska tla yuqodjla l=reKE.,ska ie;mqï oyhla muK kqÿrej msysgqjk ,oS' ;j;a yuqodjla ie;emqï yhlg muK kqÿßka fmd;=yer jdä,d.;ay' ;j;a yuqodjla ie;mqï folla ÿßka j÷rd., fkd;dßia;=ud hgf;a ,Eia;sj isáfhah' l=reKE.,§ fï ;=ka yuqodj fufyhùu mjrd ;snqfKa yÕ=rkafl; äx.srd, kue;s ler,s kdhlhdgh'

ud;f,a yuqod iy l=reKE., yuqod tlaj uykqjr ch .ekSu ler,slrejkaf.a wjika jevigyk úh' tys kdhl;ajh oerefõ f.dx.df,af.dv nKavdgh' Tyq ks¾NS; isxy,fhla f,i isxy,fhda ms<s.;ay' l=reKE., rcfha f.dvke.s,s iqKq úiqKq lr oud k.rh w;am;a lr .ekSug ler,sldrhska tlaù we;s nj fkdfhl=;a wdrxÑ j,ska oek.;a Èia;%sla kvqldrhd yd Wm Èidm;sjrhd ler,sldrhska uev meje;aùu i|yd Wmldr b,a,d uykqjr yuqodj ndrj isá bx.%Sis yuqod kdhlhdf.ka b,a,d isáhy' tfy;a bx.%Sis yuqod kdhlhdg th bgqlsÍug fkdyels úh' bkamiq ;;a;ajh nrm;< nj fï bx.%Sis ks,OdÍka fofokd kej; jrla oekajQ miqj ;=jlal= yuqodfõ ks,OdÍka fofofklao fin¿ka úismia fofklao hjd we;' flfia fj;;a cQ,s 29 jeks Èk ler,sldrhska l=reKE.,g meñ‚fha ke;' tfy;a miqod Tjqka tkf;la bx.%Sisldrfhda n,d isáhy'

flfia fj;;a cQ,s 30 jeks Èk WoEik y;g muK ;=jlal=" lvq" fmdfrda" fy,a, wd§ wú wdhqO .;a ler,slrejka tla oyia mkaiShla l=reKE., k.rhg lvd mekafkdah' fuhska tla fldgila Wm Èidm;sf.a ksji foig;a ;j;a fldgila lv úÈhg;a ;j;a fldgila wrlal= ;enEreï foig;a .shy' wrlal= ;enEreï msysgjQfha bx.%Sis ldrhskah' bx.%Sisldrhka l=reKE., fmfofia wrlal= ;enEreï jeäfhka msysgqjQ nj fkdryils' wo;a ta ;enEreï l=reKE., msysgd we;'

k.rhg we;=¿ùfï fodrgqj /lSfï ld¾hh ndrj issáfha uykqjrska meñK isá bx.%Sis ldrhskagh' Tjqkao miqj miqniskakg jQy'

Wiia bx.%Sis ks,OdÍyq ÿjkakg mgka .;ay' fï ksid ler,sldrhska myiqfjkau lvùÈh úkdY lrñka fld,a, lkakg mgka .;ay' wdrlaIl Nghskaf.ka nkaOkd.drfhys h;=re Wÿrd .;a ler,sldrhska nkaOkd.drfha isá isrlrejka ish¿ fokdu ksoyia lr hejQy' ksoyi ,enQ isrldrhska ler,sldrhska iu. tlajQy'

fï ksid ler,slrejka úfYaI Yla;shla ,ndf.k Widúhg f.dia tys ;snqK ,shlshú,s ish,a, mq¨iaid oud we;'

Èia;%sla kvqldrhdf.a ksji;a" Wm Èidm;sf.a ksji;a ler,slrejka úkdYfldg mq¨iaid oud we;' f.aì%h,a fmf¾rd uy;df.a ksfjig w;ajQfhao ta brKuuhs' wrlal= ;enEreï ish,a, fld,a, ld úkdY flß‚' iuyr ler,slrejka wrlal= fnda;,a f.daksj, oudf.k .shy' ;j;a iuyre ta u;ameka mdkh fldg rcfha f.dvke.s,sj,g .eiQy' l=reKE., k.rfha l,n, ygf.k meh folla muK hkúg bx.%Sis ks,OdÍka n,dfmdfrd;a;= jQ mßÈ wdOdr Ng yuqod uykqjßka tjkq ,enQy' bx.%Sis Ng yuqod k.rhg we;=¿j;au ler,sldrfhda Tjqkag fjä ;enQy' bx.%Sis Nghskao idyisl f,i fjä ;nkakg jQfhka ler,sldrfhda miq niskakg jQy' lÉfÉßh ì| oeófï fh§ isá ler,sldrhska fidhd meñ‚ bx.%Sis yuqodj h<s;a ta ler,sldrhskag fjä ;nd we;' lSm fofklau fjä je§ ñh.sh nj miqj fy<súh'

flfia fyda le/,a, uev meje;aúh hq;= hehs ;Skaÿ l< fgdßkagka wdKavqldrhd l,n, yg.;a Èk tkï 1848 cQ,s 30 jeks Èk i;a fldar<h mqrdu hqoaO kS;sh m%ldY lrk ,§' hqoaO kS;sh m%ldY lrk ,o fyhska miq Èk jeä l,n, .;shla olakg fkd,enq‚'

tfy;a wf.daia;= ui m<uqjeks Èk j÷rd., fkd;dßia uy;df.a kdhl;ajfhka .ïuqka ydrodyla ;=jlal=" lvq" fmdfrda" fmd¿" uq.=re /f.k l=reKE., k.rhg we;=¿ jQy' ;=jlal= .;a bx.%Sis yuqodj Tjqka iu. igkg jka fyhska isxy, ler,sldrfhda miq niskakg jQy' fjä ;eîfïÈ tla isxy,fhlao tla bx.%Sis Ngfhlao ñh.shy' ler,sldrhskaf.a kdhlhd f,i isá j÷rd., fkd;dßia uy;do fuÈk ñh .sfhah' Tyqg ie;alula lsÍug fkdyelsùu ksid Tyq ñh.sh nj ler,sldrfhda miqj lshd isáhy' tfy;a iuyre lshd isáfha fkd;dßia rd<ydñ ish Èú ydkslr .;a njhs' miqj bx.%Sisldrhska Tyqf.a foafmd< ish,a,u rdcika;l fldg Tyqf.a kEoE ys;j;=kag jo ysxid l< nj fy<s úh'

bx.%Sisldrhskag wiqjQ úfYaIfhkau kdhlhskaf.a foafmd< rdcika;l fldg kEoE ys;j;=kag fkdfhl=;a jo ysxid lf<ah'

bx.%Sisldrhkag ler,sldrhka .ek T;a;= iemhSug;a ta whf.a foafmd< bx.%Sisldrhskag fidhd§ we;af;a isxy,hskauh' jeä fldgila fï igkg iïnkaO fkdjQ ro,hska fï ld¾hh bgqfldg iqoaodf.ka ,dN m%fhdack ,nd.;a w;r lSm fofkl=g ;k;=re § we;'

ler,sldrhskaf.ka mj;sk mjq,a wo;a fï m<d;aj, isá;s' T;a;= ÿka ro,hkaf.a mjq,a wo;a Ôj;a jqj;a rfÜ ;ekla ke;' iqoaodf.ka ,nd.;a Okho ke;'

fuÈku iji ;j;a ler,sldr lKavdhula l=reKE.,g we;=¿ù bx.%Sisldrhska yd lrk ,o igfkka mrdch úh'

fï isoaêfhka miqj bx.%Sisldrhska ler,s kdhlhka w,a,d fok whg fyda T;a;= iemhQ whg mjqï ishhl ;E.a.la ysñfjk nj rg mqrdu ksfõokh lf<ah'

T;a;= imhk hï flfkla isáfha kï ta whg fok o~qju ler,sldrhska úiska ksfõokh lf<ah' mjqï iShla ,nd .ekSug lsisu flfkl= bÈßm;a jQfha ke;' bkamiqj th mjqï 150la f,i bx.%SiSka ksfõokh l<;a fujr;a lsisu flfkl= bÈßm;a jQfha ke;' fï ksid ler,s kdhlhd;a Tyqf.a i.hkq;a w,a,d .ekSug fkdyels úh'

^u;= iïnkaOhs&