wuq;a;ka ms<s.kakd ´j,dldr ldurh

wefußldkq tlai;a ckmofha ckdêm;sf.a ks, ksfji iy m%Odk ld¾hd,h msysá Oj, ukaosrh bme/‚ fcda¾ðhdkq iïm%odhg wkqj boslr iqÿ meyeh wdf,am l< wmQre f.dvke.s,a,ls' jir 1800 oS fcdaka wevïia ckdêm;sf.a ld,fha mgka we't' ckmofha ish¿ ckdêm;sjrekaf.a iqmsß ksjyk jQfha fuhhs' ckdêm;s f;dauia fcm¾ikaf.a iufhaoS ckdêm;s ks, ksfjila yd ld¾hd,hla bÈlsÍug fhdað; jQ w;r" ta i|yd iqÿiq ie,iqula f;dard.ekSu i|yd ;r.hla meje;aú‚' tu ;r.fhka m%Odk ie,iqï kjhla f;dard .ekq‚' wk;=rej tajd we't' ckmofha m%:u ckdêm;s jQ fcda¾Ê fjdIskagka úiska mÍlaIdlr jvd;au iqÿiq ks, ksfjig WÑ; ie,iqu f;dard.kq ,enq‚' th ol=Kq lefrd,skd ys mÈxÑlrejl= jk whsßIa cd;sl fÊfia f.danka bÈßm;a l< tlls' tfy;a th jvd;a l=vd f.dvke.s,a,la úh' tneúka fuh úYd, l< hq;= nj fjdIskagka f.a woyi úh' ta wkqj jvd;a úYd, l< Oj, ukaÈr ie,iqug iïuka;%K Yd,djla o tl;= flß‚'

f.danka fï f.dvke.s,a, ie,iqï lr ;snqfKa tjlg f,dal m%lg f.dvke.s,s lsysmhla wdo¾Yhg .ksñks' m<uq iy fojeks ;Ügq wh¾,ka;fha ví,ska ys —f,hskaiaáh¾ yjqia˜ wdo¾Ykhla jQ w;r b;sßh fcda¾ðhdkq iïm%odhg wh;a wisßIa .eñ f.j,aj, wdo¾Yk úh'

fuys bÈlsÍï lghq;= werUqfKa 1792 Tlaf;dan¾ 13 jeksodh' hqfrdamSh .Dy ks¾udKlrejka fukau ixl%ñlhkaf.a Y%ufhka bÈ lsÍï lghq;= flreKq w;r bÈlsÍï wjika lrkakg ld,fhka jir wgl=;a uqo,ska mjqï 232"371 l=;a jehú‚'

tfy;a ;j;a ál l,lska fuu ukaÈrh ;j ÿrg;a mq¿,a flß‚' ta i|yd m%xY bxðfkare mshf¾ pd,aiaf.a iydh ,nd .ekq‚' wefußldkq wNsudkh Woa§mkhjk mßÈ jvd;a úYd, iy jvd;a w,xldr f,i fuys lghq;= ksudl< hq;= úh'

B<Õ m%Yakh jQfha fuu ksjykg iqÿiq kula §uh' ckdêm;s ueÿr" ckdêm;s m%didoh" ckdêm;s ksfji Bg fhdackd jQ kïh' tfy;a 1811 jk úg fï iqÿ meye;s ksji ñksiqka úiska y÷kajkq ,enqfõ Oj, ukaÈrh hk kfuks' tfy;a ;shfvda¾ rEiafj,aÜ iuh t<fUk ;=re fï ueÿrg Oj, ukaÈrh hk ku Ndú;d jQfha ke;'

fuys m%:u jrg mÈxÑ jQfha fcdaka wevïia ckdêm;sh' ta 1800 fkdjeïn¾ 1 jeksodh' Tyq Oj, ukaÈrfha .; l< fojeks ojfia§ ish ìß|g ,shQ ,shqul fufia i|yka lf<ah'

—fï iqmsß ksjig fyd|lau jkakehs wdYs¾jdo lrk f,i foúhkaf.ka b,a,d isák ud fuys jy, hg isg rg md,kh lrkak jqka wjxl iy {dkjka; ñksiqka fõjdhs m%d¾:kd lrñ˜

r;= ldurh

tfy;a fï ueÿfrys wevïia Ôj;a jQfha flá ld,hls' bkslaì;s th f;dauia fcm¾ikaf.a ksfji njg m;aúh' ta iuÕ Oj, ukaÈrhg w¨;ska fldgia lsysmhla o tl;= úh' ta kef.kysr iy ngysr l=¿Kq folhs' fnkacñka fykaß ,efg%dfí úiska fï l=¿Kq ie,iqï lr bÈlrkq ,eì‚'

wefußldkq hqoaOh meje;s 1814 § Oj, ukaÈrhg meñ‚ ì%;dkH yuqodfjda tys ;snQ jákd foaj,a ish,a, fld,a,ld wjidkfha thg .sks ;enQy' fï .skafkka úi,a ydkshla isÿúh' tfy;a kej; jdrhla Oj, ukaÈrhg mK fokakg fnkacñka fykaßg;a f.dfndka .Dy ks¾udK Ys,amshdg;a yels úh' Tjqyq m%;sixialrK lghq;= wdrïN lr" Oj, ukaÈrhg kej;;a ukaÈrhla i;=úh hq;= .dïNSr;ajh ,nd ÿkay' ukaÈrfha ol=Kq fmdaáfldaj 1824 §;a" W;=re fmdaáfldaj Bg yh uilg miq;a bÈ flreKq w;r tajd .,a leghï j,ska úis;=re flßK' fï wdldrfha fmdaáflda" oeka yeÈkafjkafka Oj, ukaÈr fmdaáflda hkqfjks'

wefußldkq isú,a hqoaOh iufha§ Oj, ukaÈrh trg jeishkaf.ka msß‚' ukaÈrh wjg jQ we,j,a yd j.=re ìï Tiafia uef,aßhdj;a fjk;a f,v frda.;a me;sßks' fï ksid ì%f.aäh¾ fckr,a ke;ekshd,a ñlaf,a fhdackd lf<a Oj, ukaÈrfha jdifhka bj;a úh hq;= njh' fuu ukaÈrh jHdmdßl ia:dkhla njg m;a l< hq;= njh' tfiau Tyq ckdêm;s yd mjq, fjkqfjka fjdIskagka ys fußáhka ys,a foiska fjk;a bvula f;dard .;af;ah'

tfy;a fï fjkig fldx.%ih leu;s jQfha ke;'

fld, ldurh

1929 § Oj, ukaÈrfha ngysr l=¿Kq .skafkka úkdY úh' tfy;a jir lsysmhla we;=,; th h<s bÈ flß‚'

1948 § Oj, ukaÈrfha ì;a;sj, jQ yqKq nodu .e,ù jefgkakg mgka .;af;ah' fï ksid ckdêm;s gDDuka ukaÈrh w¨;ajeähd lsÍug kshu lf<ah' 1945 ¡ 51 w;r ld,fha§ fï m%;sixialrK lghq;= isÿ flrefKa ms,fv,amshd bÈlsÍï Ys,amshl= jk fcdaka uelaika hgf;ah' fï m%;sixialrKfha§ ukaÈrfha ìï ieliqïj, o hï hï fjkia ùï isÿúh' we;eï mäfm<j,a w¨;ska bÈú‚' uOHu jdhq iólrK moaO;shla o tl;= flß‚' fï w¨;a jeähdjg bv § ukaÈrfhka neyer j isá gDDuka ckdêm;s" h<s 1952 ud¾;= 27 jeksod w¨;a jQ f.dvke.s,af,a mÈxÑhg wdfõh'

fcdaka t*a' flkäf.a ìß| fuu ksfjig ft;sydisl jákdlula ÿkafkah' w.kd Ñ;%" bmer‚ NdKav" Oj, ukaÈrhg tl;= l< weh" úis;=re ;sr frÈj,ska o ukaÈrh ieriqjdh' Oj, ukaÈrh ms<sn| f;dr;=re we;=<;a m;%sldjla o weh úiska m< lrkq ,eì‚'

flkä iuhg miq Oj, ukaÈrhg meñ‚ yeu ckdêm;s mjq,lau ukaÈrfha msysá Tjqkaf.a fm!oa.,sl ksji ;u is;e.s mßÈ fjkia lr .;ay'

wo jkúg Oj, ukaÈrh f.dvke.s,s lsysmhlska iuka ú; ixlS¾Khls' ;Ügq yhlska hq;a fuys j¾. óg¾ 5100 l ìï m%udKhl ldur 132 la" kdk ldur 35 la" fodrj,a 412 la" cfk,a 147 la" mäfm<j,a 8 la" ÿjk mä fm<j,a 3 la" fgksia msáhla" l=iais 3 la" Ñ;%mg Yd,djla iy msyskqï ;gdlhla o we;'

ukaÈrfha uOH fldgi m%Odk ksjiakhs' ngysr iy kef.kysr hkqfjka m%Odk fldgia folla jk w;r fïjd ngysr yd kef.kysr l=¿Kq folg iïnkaO lr ;sfí' ckdêm;s ksfjfiys ldur .Kkdjla we;s w;r tajd kef.kysr ldurh" fld< ldurh" ks,a ldurh" r;= ldurh" fNdackd.dr" ksok ldur" mjqf,a ksok ldurh iy msúiqï ldurh f,i kï lr we;' ìï uyf,a ms<s.eksï ldurh" is;shï ldurh" Ök ldurh" mqia;ld,h" m%Odk uq¿;ekaf.h iy fjk;a ld¾hd, we;=<;ah' fojeks uyf,a mjqf,a úis;a; ldurh" ly ldurh" kef.kysr iy ngysr úis;a; ldurh" m%Odk ksok ldurh" ckdêm;s fNdackd.drh" ,Skafld,aka ksok ldurh" /ðk ksok ldurh iy fjk;a ksok ldur folla" l=vd uq¿;eka f.h iy fm!oa.,sl we÷ï ldurh we;' ;=kajeks ;Ügqj ysre t<sh ;emSug ieliQ ldurh" l%Svd .drh" uq¿;ekaf.h iy fjk;a úis;a; ldurj,ska iukaú;h'

ngysr l=¿fKa ckdêm;s ukaÈrh ;=< ckdêm;sg úfYaI jQ ldurhla fjhs' th ye¢kafjkafka ´j,dldr ldurh kñks' wuq;a;ka ms<s.kafka tys§h' ld¾hd,h Tyqf.a m%Odk ks,OdÍkaf.a ld¾hd," fiajlhka mkylf.a muK ldur we;=<;ah' ta w;r leìkÜ uKav, /iaùï mj;ajk leìkÜ ldurh o" udOH idlÉPd mj;ajk ldurh o" rEiafj,aÜ ldurh o ;sfí' ckdêm;s ld¾h uKav,fha we;eï idudðlhka isákafka me/‚ úOdhl ld¾hd, f.dvke.s,a," me/‚ ckmo hqoaO yd kdúl yuqod f.dvke.s,a, iy whsikayj¾ úOdhl ld¾hd, f.dvke.s,a, hk f.dvke.s,sj,h'

ks,a ldurh

kef.kysr l=¿K 1942 § Oj, ukaÈrhg tl;= jQ wx.hls' ckdêm;s ìß| fyj;a m%:u ldka;djf.a ld¾h uKav,h fjkqfjka fï l=¿fKa bv yir fjkalr ;sfí' 1977 § frdi,ska ldg¾ úiska m%:u ldka;djf.a ld¾hd,h kñka fuu l=¿fKa w¨;a ld¾hd,hla wdrïN l<dh' fojeks f,dal hqoaOh iufha fuu l=¿Kq bÈl< neúka l=¿Kq hg" fmd<j hg msysá nxl¾ lsysmhla o ;kd ;sfí yÈis wjia:djl§ fï nxl¾ Ôú;drlaIdj imhkq ,efí' fï nxl¾ y÷kajkafka ckdêm;s yÈis wjia:d fufyhqï uOHia:dkh hk kñks'

tlai;a ckmo nqoaê wxYh iy tlai;a ckmo fmd,sish úiska Oj, ukaÈrh wdrlaIdlrkq ,efí'