1815olajd wjqreÿ fooyilg;a jeä ld,hla furfÜ foaYSh nila" idys;Hhla" ixialD;shla we;sj ksoyia rdcHhla jYfhka mej;s isxy, rdcHh 1815 ud¾;= fojeks Èk Wvrg ro,hska úiska iqoaokag mdjd fok,§'

ro, kdhlhska fï isxy," fn!oaO cd;shg fødayslï lf<a isxy, rdcH lsisu wjia:djl§ bx.%Siska fldf;la W;aidy l<;a Wvrg hgm;a lr.ekSug fkdyels jQ ksidh' Tjqka W;aidy l< iEu wjia:djl§u ta W;aidyhka ish,a, wid¾:l úh' ls%'j' 1505 isg mD;s.siSkago" ,kafoaiSkago w;a jQfha ta brKuhs' bx.%Sis ldrhskao Wvráka mkakd oeuqfõ isxy,hskauhs'

Wvrg ro,hska fkdfhl=;a l=uka;%Kfldg Wvrg bx.SS%iskag ,ndÿkafka ta ro,hskag fkdfhl=;a ;k;=re" bvka lvï ish,a, bx.%Sis ldrhskaf.ka ,nd .ekSfï mrud¾:fhks'

Wvrg ,nd .ekSu i|yd W;aidy l< iEu cd;shlau .;a W;aidy ish,a,lau wid¾:l jQy' fï ;;a;ajh jgyd .;a bx.%Sis ldrhska fufia mrdch ùug fya;= fidhd n,kakg mgka .;ay' bx.%Sis ldrhska Wvrg ro,hska iy f.dùkaf.a woyia Woyia fidhd ne,Sug fkdfhl=;a Wml%u fhÿy' bkamiq bx.%Sisldrhska ;;a;ajh jgydf.k l=uka;%K lrkakg mgka .;af;ah' uq,sl ie,eiauj, bx.%Sis ldrhskaf.ka ,siaid f.dia ta l=uka;%K j, m%;sM, Nhdklo úh'

bkamiqj iqoafoda Wvrg ro,hska iu. lsÜgq iïnkaOlï we;s lr.;ay' Wvrg w,a,d .ekSfï woyia bx.%Sis ldrhskaf.a is;a j,ska wE;aj f.dia ;snqKq wjia:dj,§ bx.%Sis ldrhskaf.a is;a wjqiaid .;af;a Wvrg ro, tla;rd n,j;a fldgila úisks' miqj ta fldgi bx.%Sis ldrhska iu. tlajqy'

fï ro,hska bx.%Sis ldrhska iu. tlajqfha tla fya;=jla ksidh' uq,sl fya;=j jqfha › úl%u rdcisxy ráka msgqjy,a fldg isxy,fhl= rc lsÍugh'
fï l=uka;%Kh Èh;a lsÍu i|yd tlajqfha ms,su;,dfõ" fud,a,sf.dv" weyef,afmd," uvq.,a, jeks ro, kdhlhska lSm fofkls' fï ro,hskaf.a uQ,sl woyi jqfha bx.%Siska ,jd rdcisxy rcq msgqjy,a fldg rclu ,nd .ekSughs' iEu ro,fhl=g ´kE jqfha Tgqkakhs'

uQ,sl jYfhka rc;=ud ck;dj w;r wm%idohg m;alsÍug fkdfhl=;a ie,iqï fhÿy' Tyq ,jd fkdfhl=;a ,sh lshú,sj,g w;aika ,ndf.k tajd ck;dj w;r m%isoaO lrk ,§' fï w;aika ;enQ ,shlshú,s ck;djg ydksjk mßÈ ilia l< tajd nj miqj fy<súh' miqj bx.%Sis ldrhskag fmkajd we;af;a bkaÈhdkq cd;sl rfcla isxy, cd;Skag wys; lr foaj,a lrk nj fmkakqï lsÍfukah' bx.%Sis ldrhska fï ro,hskaf.a l=uka;%K oek isáh;a Tjqkag wjYH jqfha rc;=ud wm%idohg m;afldg flfia fyda Tyq ráka mkakd oeóugh' ro,hskag jqjukd jqfha isxy, rdcHfha iajdêk;ajh fl<jr lr oud ro,hkaf.a rdcHhla we;s lsÍugh' fï mdjd§fï uQ,slhd f,i lghq;= lr we;af;a weyef,afmd, Èidfjhs'

rdcisxy rc;=ud ol=Kq bkaÈhdfõ Wmka kdhlaldr f.da;%hg wh;a jq bkaÈhdkq cd;slfhla úh' Tyq fï rfÜ pdß;% jdß;% lsis fohla oek isáfha ke;' Tyqf.a ìß| we;=¿ ifydaor ifydaorfhdaao Tyq iu. ,xldjg meñK ud,s.dfõ Ôj;a jQy' Tyqf.a WmfoaYlhska jqfhao ol=Kq bkaÈhdkq cd;slhskah' ;Èka u;ameka mdkh l< Tyq fndfyda wjia:dj,§ Tyq w;aika l< foh .ek miqod oek isáfha ke;'

weyef,afmd, ks,fï ;=udf.a l=uka;%K oek .;a ú.i Tyq ks,fï w,a,d .ekSug ksfhda. lf<ah' Tyqj w,a,d .ekSug fkdyels jQ wjia:dfõ§ Tyq Wv/áhka bÈßfha§u weyef,afmd, ks,fïf.a uq¿ mjq,u urd oeóh' ìß|;a orejka fofokdf.a;a ysia lmd urd ouk ,§' Tjqkaf.a wiaÓr;ajh oek.;a rdcisxy rcq Tyqf.a ;j;a kEoE fldgia Wvrgg f.keú;a u,nd¾ ykaÈh kï mdf¾ mÈxÑ lrjk ,§' rclug whs;sj ;snQ rka wdNrK ish,a,u bkaÈhdjg mgjd hejqy' ;j;a fldgila ,xldfõ§u úl=Kd we;' fï yefrkakg ;uka l< foa .ek rfÜ wm%idohg m;aúh isÿjk iEu fohla bx.%Siskag okajd isáfhao ro,hskah'

fï l=uka;%K mj;ajñka isáh§;a bx.%Sis ldrhska lSmj;djla Wvrg w,a,d .ekSug W;aidy l<;a ta ish,a,lau wid¾:l úh' fï ksid bx.%Sisldrhska jgyd .;af;a Wvrg w,a,d.; yelsjkafka l=uka;%K ;=<ska njhs'

ro,hska fï wdldrhg rc;=ud mkakd oeóug W;aidy lf<a ta Woúhg Okh ;k;=re n,dfmdfrd;a;=fjka njhs' ro,hska .ek fyd|g jgyd.;a bx.%Siska tla ;SrKhla f.k we;' tkï fï ro,hkag lsis l,l Wvrg ndr fkd§ughs' 1815 isxy, rdcH bx.%Sis ldrhskag rg mdjd ÿka miqj bx.%Sis ldrhska lf<a ro,hska ish¿ fokdu isá ia:dk j,ska udre lroud Tjqkag lsis n,hla ke;s wkaoug jev lsÍuhs'

fï isÿjQ fohska lemafmáfmd, uyd wÈldrï;=ud iy fn!oaO NslaIQka jykafia jgyd .;af;a isxy, cd;shu bx.%Sis ldrhskag whs;s jQ njhs' Wvrg ld,hlg isxy,hskag whs;s fkdjk njo Tjqyq f;areïf.k flfia fyda Wvrg bx.%Sis ldrhkaf.ka wdmiq .; hq;= njgo ie,iqï lrkakg mgka .;ay'

1815 ud¾;= fojeksod Wvrg iu. ;=ka isxy,hu bx.%Siska fj; fldkafoais iys;j mjrd fokq ,enq‚' isxy, md¾Yajh fjkqfjka uyd wÈldrïjreka" Èidm;sjre m%Odk ks,fïjre we;=¿ 11 fofkla w;aika ;enQy wks;a wÈldrïjreka bx.S%isfhka w;aika l< kuq;a lemafmáfmd, wÈldrka;=ud —fudkrú,˜ lshd isxyf,kau w;aika lf<ah'

ál ld,hla .;ù hEug fmr bx.%siska úiska t<smsgu fldkafois lvd oeuqK ksid;a fj,a,iafia uqykaÈrï ;k;=rlg uqia,sï cd;slfhl= m;a lsÍu ksid;a fj,a,iafia ck;dj ler,s .ikakg jqy'

fï w;r lemafmáfmd, wÈldrï;=udg W!j fj,a,iai hd lr ndr ÿkafka bx.%Sis wdKavqldrhd úisks'

fï ;k;=rg m;aù isáh§ uq,a ld,fha§ isxy,hskag úreoaOj wú Tijkakg hk .ufka§ fldyq l=Uqr rfÜ rd,f.a b,a,Sï msg lemafmáfmd, wÈldrï isxy, yuqodjg tlaúh' bka wk;=rej cd;sl ksoyia igfka ler,slrejka fjkqfjka fmruqK .kakg lemafmáfmd, wêldrï ;=udg yelsúh'

ro,hskaf.a ÿ¾j, l=uka;%K .ek bx.%Sis ldrhska oek.;a miqj ro,hska isá ia:dk j,ska Tjqka kqmqreÿ ia:dkj,g udre l<y' iuyr ro,hskag Wkaysá ;eka mjd ke;súh' bx.%Sis ldrhskag ys;j;a nj is;+ fldgia ta whg bx.%Sis ldrhskag mkaoï we,a,Sug yels ;ekaj, hejqy' Wvrg lsisÈkl ;ukag fkd,efnk nj Wvrg mdjdÿka ro,hskagu jegyS .sfha jeä ld,hla fkdf.diah'

tfy;a flfia fyda isxy,hskag ,nd.; yels nj lemamsáfmd, wÈldrï ;=ud úYajdi lf<ah fn!oaO NslaIqka jyikafia,do ta wkaoug úYajdi l<y' lemafmáfmd,g iyfhda. ÿkafkd;a rg fírd .ekSug yelsnj Wkajykafia,d úYajdi l<y' Wkajykafia,d ta wkaoug miqj l%shd;aul jqfha bv lvï" ;k;=re wdÈh ,nd .eksug fkdj rg cd;sh fjkqfjkah' Wka jykafia,d Ôú; mjd mß;Hd. lf<a ks¾NS;jh' fujeks iajdñka jykafia,d wo ke;' ta iïnkaOfhka wo ;;a;ajh .ek úia;r l<fyd;a m<uqj ud cd;sl fødaysfhla f,i kï ksielh' ta ms<s.kak iajdñka jykafia,d mjd ksy~j isàu .ek ud mqÿuhg m;ajkafka ke;' wjqreoaÿ úiailg wêl ld,hla igkaj,g ud lsÜgqfjkau iïnkaO úh' wo cd;sl igka .ek l:d lrkafka ke;' th lrkakg Woúho ke;' kdhlhska fldfydu;a ke; úfYaIfhka jdudxYslhskaf.a tlu fod,ÿl jQfha f,ala yjqia wdh;kh rchg mjrd .ekSfï igk ;snqK ld,fhah' wo f,alyjqia wdh;kh ksy~ùu jvd fyd|h' tod mia fofkla fiajh l< tla m;%hl wo 85 fofkla fiajh lr;s' jdäfjkakg mjd ;eka ke;' 1912 cd;sl igk fufyh jQ úchj¾Ok uy;d wo isák ia:dkhl isg f,ala yjqishg ù ;sfnk foh .ek fudk wkaoug n,d isákafka oehs lshd ug úYajdi lrkakg fkdyel'

tod cd;sl igkg mjd iïnkaO jQ jfï kdhlhskaf.a o wdik mjd wysñ jQfha f,alayjqia wdh;khg l< wmrdOh ksid fkdfõo@ tod cd;sl igk Èh;a lf<a f,alayjqisfha isghs' wo Èh;a lrkafka ´kEu fohla Èh;a lrkak ´kEu n,h ;sfnk whs;slrejkag fkdfõo@ cd;sl igk .ek fkdokakd wh wo fmruqfKa isÿùï lshjkafk;a ke;' ,shkakg okafk;a ke;' fï ksid wo cd;sh .ek l;d lsÍu mjd Nhdkl fohls' tod Èúms¥ wfma kdhlhska .ek ,shkafka ke;' ixialD;sl wud;HxYhlao we;' nqoaO Ydik wud;HxYhlao we;' cd;sh fjkqfjka lrkafka fudkjdo@

lemamsáfmd, wÈldrï ;=ud kdhl;ajh .;a miqj fj,a,iai Èidfj Tyq biqÆ ;k;=re j,ska bx.S%is ldrhska wialf<ah' bkamiqj nqgdfõ rgrd<" f.dv f.or wÈldrï" fldyq l=Uqf¾ rfÜrd< leglef,a fudfydÜgd," foysf.d,af,a rfÜrd," l=vd fn;afï ks,fï we;=¿ 17 fofkla rdcH fodaySka f,i bx.%Sis ldrhska kï l<y' fï ish¿ fokdu lemamsáfmd, wÈldrïg iyfhda.h ÿka ksidh' fï kï we;=<;a .eiÜ m;%hlao ksl=;a lf<a bx.S%is ldrhskah'

bx.%Sis ldrhskaf.a lsÍghg úreoaOj ler,s fufyhjk whg ú¢kakg isÿjqk foh fï wjia:djg /iaj isá Wvrg isxy, m%OdkSkago úia;r lr we;' 1817 iema;eïn¾ ui 10 jeks Èk nÿ,a,g;a" uvl,mqjg;a w;r fj,a,iai fmfoiska mek keÕ=k W!fõ le/,a, isxy, rdcH wdmiq ,nd .ekSu i|yd m<uqfjks mshjr úh' › úl%u rdcisxy rcqf.a ifydaorfhl= f,i yeÈkajQ fodf¾idñ kue;s igka ldñhd iu. fn!oaO NslaIQka jykafia,d wg kula iu. bx.%Sis md,khg úreoaOj igk wdrïN l<y' fj,a,iafia ler,s .eiSug iqodkï jk njg bx.%Sis WmÈidm;sjrhdg wdrxÑ úh' WmÈidm;s ú,aika ;SrKh lr we;af;a ler,s lrejka ish¿ fokdu yels blaukska w,a,d .ekSugh'

^u;= iïnkaOhs&