weue;s pïmsl rKjl ,xld foaYmd,k N+ñldfõ fkduel=Kq i<l=Kla ;enQ ;reK foaYmd,lfhls' 1980 oYlfha§ YsIH ls%hdldßlhl= f,i foaYmd,kh we/UQ pïmsl 87¡89 ;reK wr., iufha iriú YsIH kdhlhl= f,i ls%hdldÍ N+ñldjla bgq lf<ah' fuu ,smsh pïmsl ,shQ iajhx pß;dmodkfhka Wmqgkhls'

úoHdj yd úoHd;aul Ñka;kh .ek pe,au¾ia" ld¾,a fmdm¾" fmda,a fmh¾nkaâ" f;dauia l+ka wd§kaf.a uQ,sl lD;Ska lshjQfhñ' tys § ug fmkS .sfha isoaOdka;j,ska wkdjels lSu ^ks.ukldÍ& fyda w;aoelSïj,ska isoaOdka; ;ekSu ^Woa.ukldÍ& wd§ f,i mej;=Kq me/‚ úoHd;aul l%ufõohkag jvd w;sYh ixlS¾K f,i ngysr f,dalfha oekqu tla/ia ù we;s njh' fldákau oekqu tla/ia lsÍu i|yd ksYaÑ; l%shdud¾.hla ke;s nj;a" oekqu mjd ksYaÑ; ke;s nj;a" l%ufhka i;Hh lrd hkjd hkak úldrhla nj;a" thska ug fmkS .sfhah' uf.a is;a.;af;a iqiquo¾Yh ^Paradigm& ms<sn| f;dauia l+kaf.a isoaOdka;hhs' f,dal oelaula u; mokï jQ jákdlï moaO;shla we;sùu;a" tlS moaO;sh we;=<; úúO l=vd l=vd isoaOdka; rduQka we;sùu;a thska meyeÈ,s flß‚' úfYaIfhkau fuys§ ksrfmalaI wjldYh yd ld,h" jia;+ka u; mokï jQ ksõfgdakshdkq iqiquo¾Yh yd whskaiaghskshdkq iqiqu o¾Yh idlÉPd úh' fN!;sl úoHdfõ u;= jQ fï iqiquo¾Yh ms<sn| woyi ixj¾Okh yd iudcl%uhka ú.%y lrkakg miqj uu fhdod .;af;ñ' fuh uúiska rÑ; —idfmalaId˜ ^1994& lD;sfha úia;r lrk ,§'

uf.a oekqu" o¾Ykh" úoHdj" wd¾Ólh" mßirh" iudch" foaYmd,kh hk lafIa;%j, tla;rd mßK; wjia:djlg meñ‚ l< uu kj lD;shla lf<ñ' thg —idfmalaId˜ f,i kï ;enqfjñ' fidndoyu lsisÿ isoaOdka;hlg wkqj l%shd fkdlrk nj;a" tys we;sjk rgd wfma oekqfuka ks¾udKh jk nj;a" meyeÈ,s lf<ñ' ñksia iudch yqÿ ñksia wd;aóh ks¾udKhla nj;a" th ta ksidu iajNdj oyug jvd fjkia f,i yeisfrk nj;a we;eïúg Í;sj,g hg;aj yeisfrk nj;a ^th ñksia ks¾udKhla ksid&" tfukau tys yeisÍï wkdjelsj,ska lsj fkdyels nj;a" m%ldY lf<ñ' udlaiajdoh fyda ngysr rgj, tk isoaOdka;jdoh fuka f,dalh ;ks tl isoaOdka;hlg .; fkdyels nj" f,dalh wfma bkaøshhkag" ukig" oekqug" wjg iudchg" mßir moaO;shg" úYaj in|;dj,g idfmalaI nj;a tys yrh úh' udlaiajd§¡,snr,ajd§ wd¾Ólh ixj¾Ok Ñka;kh wdÈh ms<sn| úfõpkhla o thg we;=<;a úh'

fï mdßißl o¾Ykh Tiafia tlajQ wms lKavdhula 1992 § —ck;d ñ;=frda˜ msysgqjQfhuq' w;=r,sfha r;k ysñ" ud,sl úu,iQßh" wfYdal wNh.=Kj¾Ok yd uu tys uQ,slfhda jQfhuq' NSIKfhka yssßjegqKq iudch fj;g ks,a wyi yd m<djka ìu ms<sn| w¨;a woyila iu. wms .uka lf<uq' th wm ye¢kajQfha m%{dj frdo n¢k ;K m; o l;d lrkd foaYmd,khla f,ih'

ck;d ñ;=frda f.dvke.Sfï § wE; yïnkaf;dg ùrleáfha cdkl nKavdrf.a ^inr.uqj wdKavqldr& ksji;a" w;=r,sfha r;k ysñhkaf.a ud;r m,a,suq,a, wdkkaodrduh;a" wfYdal wNh.=Kj¾Okhkaf.a ynrd¥fõ me/‚ ksji;a" úfYaIfhka nkaÿ, pkaøfialrhkaf.a r;a;kmsáh ksji;a uQ,sl úh' nkaÿ,f.a udud oeä m%;sm;a;s.rel udlaiajdÈfhl= jQ w;r" Tyqf.a wkq.dñlfhda fyd| mqia;ld,hla yd uqøKd,hla mj;ajdf.k .shy' fï fol;a Tyqf.ka ,enqKq /ljrKh;a uq,a hq.fha wfma Ôú; wjYH;d bgqlr,Sug iu;a jQ nj wo;a isyslrkafka lD;{mQ¾jljh'

—ck;d ñ;=frda˜ msysgqùu;a iu. wms úYajúoHd,j, isiqka iu. kj ixjdohlg .sfhuq' wfma iïm%dma;sh iu. ta jkúg ;ek ;ek kej; tl;=fjñka isá c'ú'fm' ldvrhska l,n,hg m;aúh' tfy;a Tjqka fndfyduhla isáfha rcfha yd jdudxYsl ikakoaO l,a,sj,g ìfhks' fldákau 1990¡91 jljdkqfõ úYajúoHd,j, YsIH iNd i|yd bÈßm;aùug;a lsisfjla fkdisáhy' fld<U úYajúoHd,fha Rcqju iajdëk YsIH ix.ufha m%pKav n,h b;sÍ f.dia ;sì‚' .=á lñka" rdcH u¾okhg uqyqK foñka YsIH iNd kej; l%shdldÍ lf<a wmh' úfYaIfhka 1983 § ;ykï lr 1985 § wfydaislr" 1988 § kej; Èkd.;a YsIH iNd l%shdldÍ l<hq;= nj wfma wêIaGdkh úh' thg fya;= folla úh' m<uqjekak rch iu. idlÉPdj,§ ^1988& kj YsIH iNd mk; flgqïm;a lf<a wm lSm fofkl= úisks' tajd l%shd;aul lr,Su tfyhska wfma j.lSula úh' wksla w;g ks, wdh;k wl%sh jqjfyd;a kej;;a YsIH l%shdldÍ lñgq yryd ks, fkdjk" YsIHhkag j. fkdlshk" foaYmd,k ldvr úiska" kgjk wdh;k we;sfõ hehs wms ìhùuq' c'ú'fm'g wjYHj ;snqfKa ks,jrK ke;s tjeks wdh;khs' wfma W;aidyh id¾:l úh' fndfyda úYajúoHd, ks,jrK iys;j YsIH iNd msysgqjd .;ay' ;ukg YsIH n,h md,kh l< fkdyels nj ÿgq c'ú'fm' ldv¾jre tlS YsIH iNdj,g fmdÿ YsIHhka f,i ßx.d .;ay' c'ú'fm' fyñysg ish m%;sixúOdk lghq;= i|yd ux., iurùr;a uõ fmruqK;a fhdod.;a w;r" tys iu ixúOdhl jQ uyskao rdcmlaI iu. È.ska È.gu .egqï we;slr.;ay' ck;d ñ;=frda m%cd;ka;%jd§ wjldYh mqrjd,kq we;ehs ìhg m;a cúfm ish újD; lghq;=o fõ.j;a lf<ah' wjidkfha Tjqkg wdOdr ,enqfKa Tjqka u¾okh l< hQtkamS wdKavqfjkauh' t<efUk uyd ue;sjrKfha § ^1994& yd ckdêm;sjrKfha § cúfm Pkao fmdÿ fmruqKg tlaùu je<elaùu i|yd c'ú'fm' lr,shg .ekSug hQ'tka'mS' wdKavqjg o wjYH;djhla we;sù ;sì‚' m%.;sYS,s fmruqK tys m%;sM,h úh'

.dñŒ Èidkdhl iu. ,,s;a we;=,;auqo,s

ck;d ñ;=frda úiska uQ,sl jYfhka ,xld foaYmd,kfha yrj;a fjkila we;slrk ,§' th kï mßir ys;ldó —yß; foaYmd,kh˜ uq,ajrg y÷kajd§uhs' iqmqreÿ mßÈ wmg úfõpkh wdfõ udlaiajdofhks' c'ú'fmka 1971 § ì£.sh ck;d ix.ufha idudðlhka úiska mj;ajdf.k .sh —Èhei˜ iÕrdj tys,d wmj oeä f,i úfõpkh lf<ah' th wmg Wmldrhlau úh' udlaiajd§ ohf,la;slfha iSudj yd hdka;%sl jdoh" udlaiajd§ wd¾Ól úoHdfõ iSud yd Y%u iQrdlEug jvd mßir iQrdlEu n,j;a nj fmkaùu" udlaiajd§ iudc ixj¾Ok kHdfha fnd<|lu" wid¾:llu yd mka;s igfka úlD;Ska fmkakd §ug wmg yelsúh' hqf.daia,dõ od¾Yksl ð,dia lS whqre ro,hka yd f.dúhka .efg;a §" Okm;Ska fmrg wd whqßka Okm;Ska yd lïlrejka .efg;a § jD;a;Shfõ§ka n,h meyer .ekSu ms<sn| újdohka o we;súh' úfYaIfhka mßir ys;ldó ;dlaIKh ms<sn| uQ,O¾uhka" mßir ys;ldó f.dú;ek ms<sn| uQ,O¾uhka" rdcH ixúOdk ms<sn| kj uQ,O¾uhka y÷kajd§ug wmg yelsúh' cmka cd;sl mql=hdflda ,shQ msÿre .il úma,jh lD;sh isxy,g fhdod .ksñka ridhksl fmdfydr" lDñ fyda j,akdYl ke;s f.dú ;ek ms<sn| ud ,shQ ,sms fm< Èjhsk nodod ix.%yfha w;sYhska ckm%sh úh

úYajúoHd,j," ta jkúg YS>%fhka me;sr .sh rdcH fkdjk ixúOdkj," .ïj," úydria:dk wd›;j wd§ ;ekaj, /£ isá foaYmd,k Wkkaÿj iys; fndfyda ;reK yd jeäysá msßia w;r wfma u;h ilS%hj f.khkakg yelsúh' uq,§ flfia fj;;a" oYlhlg muK miq Tjqka l%ufhka wfma u;jdoj,g msúiqKq nj miqj ug fmkS .sfhah' cj iïmkak ;reK nqoaêu;=ka msßila ldvrh f,i Èkd.kakg wmg yelsúh'

1990¡91 jljdkqj YS>% f,i rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk jHdma; jQ ld,hla úh' fma%uodi md,kh ngysr f,dalh iu. m%Yak ;kdf.k ;snqfKah' fma%uodif.a ks¾m%N+ ¨ïmka iudc lKavdhu hQtkamSfha iïm%odhsl m%N+ mka;sfhka fjkaù jefvkakg úh' rkacka úfÊr;ak ñhhEu;a" ,,s;a¡.dñŒ le/,a,;a úiska fma%uodi ngysr f,dalh bÈßfha yqol,d úh' udkj ysñlï" m%cd;ka;%jdoh" udOH ksoyi" mßirh iq/lSu" wd.ñl iu.sh wdÈh Tiafia y;= msfmkakd fia rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk ìysjkakg úh' úmlaIhg jvd bÈßfhka fï ixúOdk isg.;af;ah' fuh fmda,ka;h yd kef.kysr hqfrdamfha fldñhqksiaÜ md,khka ì| oeófï§ o w;ayodn,d id¾:l jQ ngysr Wmdhls' fma%uodig /yeksj isá fndfyda jdudxYslhka oek fyda fkdoek fï cd;Hka;r tka'Ô'´' cd,hg yiqjQ w;r" wka lsis /lshdjlg yelshdjla fkdjQfhka tajdfhau mQ¾K fiajlhska njg B<Õ jgfha§ yiqjQy' tka'Ô'´' cd,h rfÜ u;jdo yiqrejk fjku n, cd,hla njg m;aúh'

yß; foaYmd,khla ms<sn| od¾Yksl m%jdo bÈßhg f.k .sho iudcfha§ wmg isÿjQfha m%cd;ka;%jdoh yd ksoyi fjkqfjka igka lsÍugh' we;eï udlaiajd§ka wmg fpdaokd lf<a mßirh iq/lSu pdï ir, Ôú; jeks igka mdGj,ska wfma f,dalfha ixj¾Okh wek ysgjd ngysr Okm;s f,dalhgu ta iïm;a ál;a ,nd§ug wm l%shdlrk njhs' tfukau m%cd;ka;%jd§ m%Yakj,ska wms ÿria: njhs' fï ksid blaukskau wfma ndysr uqyqK; udkj ysñlï yd m%cd;ka;%jdoh Èkd.ekSu njg m;aúh' urdoukq ,enQjkaf.a wd;au hqla;sh b,a,d isá w;r" th wmf.a wd;aóh j.lSu njg m;aúh' wms fma%uodi m,jdyeÍfï m%cd;ka;%jd§ wr.,hg tlajqfkuq'