reishdfõ id¾ rcqf.a md,kh wm%idohg ,laùfï;a" tu md,kh ì| jeàfï;a fya;= w;ßka f.%.ß riamqáka ms<sn| l;dkaorh o w;sYhska jeo.;ah' th l;dkaorhla hehs lshkafka kslïu fkdfõ' riamqáka jgd fkdfhl=;a l;dkaor rdYshla ìysù ;sfí' ta l;dkaor fndfyduhla ;yjqre lr.; fkdyelsh' we;eï l;dkaor úYajdi l< fkdyelsh' ta ish,a, w;ßka riamqákaf.a ienE pß;h tu ld,fha reishdkq foaYmd,khg;a" id¾ rc md,khg;a l< n,mEu f;areï .ekSu jeo.;ah'

f.%.ß fh*sfudúÉ riamqáka mQclhl= fkdfõ' tfia jqjo foúhka jykafia iu. Tyqg iDcq f,i in|;d ;snQ nj tl, Tyq m%p,s; l< u;hhs' foúhka jykafiag hd{d lsÍula f,i iqj lsÍfï úfYaI n,hla ;ukag we;s nj riamqáka m%ldY lf<ah' id¾ rcq;a" rc ìij;a" rc mjqf,a ldka;djkq;a riamqákaf.a fuu m%ldYh úYajdi lf<ah' flfia fj;;a riamqákaf.a úreoaOjd§ka Tyq ye¢kajQfha msiaiq mQclhd jYfhks'

ihsîßhdfõ fmdla frdjqia fldafia ys§ Wm; ,o riamqákaf.a Wmka Èkh f,i igyka jkafka 1869 ckjdß 22 jeksodh' jhi wjqreÿ ;sia .Kka fjoa§ jkaokd .ukaj, ksr;jQ Tyq Ydka; mSg¾ian¾.a kqjrg meñfKkafka 1903 §h' tys§ Tyq foaj n,fhka frda. iqj lrkakl= f,i úfYajdihla Èkd .ekSug iu;aùh'

fojeks ksfld,ia id¾ rcqf.ka miqj rclug Wreulï lshkakg wef,laia l=ure WmÈkafka mjqf,a miajekakd jYfhks' flfia fj;;a wef,laia l=urd Wmf;a isgu ysfudamS,shd fyj;a rla;lduh frda.fhka fm<Su rc mjq,g nrm;< m%Yakhlaj ;snq‚' fuu frda.fha m%Odk ,laIKh kï f,a leá fkd.eiSuhs'

1905 jif¾ Èkl wef,lais l=ure wYajhl=f.a msfgka jeà ;=jd,ùu rc mjqf,a fÄojdplhla njg m;aúh' ffjoHjrekaf.a u;h jQfha l=uref.a Ôú;h fírd .ekSu wmyiq njhs' thska w;sYhska ìhg m;ajQ rc ìij msysgla ,nd .ekSu i|yd wjidkfha fhduqjQfha foaj n,fhka frda. iqj lrkakl= f,i fmkS isá riamqáka fj;hs'

riamqáka lf<a rc l=ure fjkqfjka foúhkag hd{d lsÍuhs' mqÿuhlg fuka thska rc l=ureg iqjhla w;ajQ nj lsh;s' we;eï úpdrlhka lshkafka riamqáka rcl=ure fudaykh lrñka Tyqg iqjhla ,enqKq nj m%ldY lrjd.;a njhs' ;j;a woyila kï ffjoHjrekaf.a ksrka;r m%;sldr j,ska wE;alr rc l=ure úfõl .ekaùfuka Tyqg iqjhla ,enqKq njhs'

flfia fj;;a fuhska id¾ rcq yd ìij ;=< fukau rc mjqf,a Woúh w;r;a riamqákaf.a foaj n,h ms<sn| úYajdihla j¾Okh úh' bkamiqj rcl=ure wikSmjk yeu úfglu fukau rc mjqf,a fjk;a whf.a frda.S wjia:dj,§ o riamqákaf.a fiajh ,nd .ekSu ksrka;rfhka isÿúh'

rc l=uref.a frda.h iïnkaOfhka riamqákaf.a id¾:l;ajfha ;j;a ryila uE;ld,Skj fy<sorõ ù ;sfí' tl, ffjoHjre úiañ; T!IOhla f,i weiamsßka fhdod .ekSug mqreÿj isáhy' wef,laia l=ureg o ffjoHjre weiamsßka m%;sldrh kshu l<y' riamqákaf.a ueÈy;a ùfuka tu m%;sldrh kjk;d oukq ,eìh' f,a leá.eiSu je<elaùfï .=Khla weiamsßkaj, we;snj yd tneúka f,a leá fkd.eiSfï frda.S ;;a;ajj,§ weiamsßka §u frda.S ;;a;ajh jeä lsÍug fya;=jk nj;a ffjoH úoHdj u.ska ;yjqre lrkafk 1971 §h'

fuf,i wef,laia l=uref.a frda.hg m%;sldr lsÍug rc f.org hk riamqáka miqj rc mjq,g n,mEï l< yels n,.;= pß;hla njg m;aúh' we;eï jd¾;dj, lshefjkafka riamqáka i,a,d, Ôú;hla .; l< wfhl= njhs' Tyq rc mjqf,a ldka;djka jiÕhg .;a njg o lgl:d me;sÍ ;snq‚' rc ìij flfrys úYd, n,mEula lsÍfï yelshdj riamqákag ;snQ nj lsh;s' tu.ska id¾ rcqg o n,mEï lsÍfï yelshdjla riamqáka f.dvk.d .;af;ah' fojk ksfld,ia id¾ rcq wmf.a ñ;=rd f,i riamqáka ye¢kaùug mqreÿj isá nj o jd¾;dj, i|ykah'

fuf,i rc mjq,g lsÜgq jQ riamqáka jeä l,la hkakg fmr rc f.or jeo.;a pß;hla njg m;aùh' Tyq rdcH md,kfha lghq;=j,§ o ueÈy;ajQ nj;a" tu lghq;=j,§ uqo,a ,nd.;a nj;a lsh;s' fï ld,fha reishdkq foaYmd,kh ;=< n,.;=u pß;hla njg riamqáka m;ajkafka ta wdldrfhks'

rdcH md,kfha§ fuf,i riamqáka w;am;a lr.kakd n,h rc mjqf,au we;eï fldgiaj, úfrdaOhg fya;=jla ù ;snq‚' Tjqka l,amkd lf<a riamqáka rcq yd ìij ;u w,af,a kgjk njhs'

m<uqjeks f,dal hqoaOhg reishdj 1914 § iïnkaOùu;a iu. riamqákaf.a n,h ;j ;j;a j¾Okh úh' riamqáka lSfõ hqoaOh Èkkakg kï id¾ rcqu igkg wK§u ndr.; hq;= njhs' ta wkqj wK§u ndr.;a id¾ rcq hqoaOh fufyhùug neyer .sh úg rc ìij flfrys riamqákaf.a ;snQ n,h ;j ;j;a j¾Okh ùh' fuu ld,fha rdcH md,kfha lghq;= rc ìij lf<a riamqákaf.a Wmfoia wkqj njg fpdaokd kef.kakg úh'

riamqáka flfrys wfkl=;a rdclShhkaf.a úfrdaOh t,a,jQ ;j;a fya;=jla jQfha c¾uksh iu. hqoaOfhka reishdj bj;aúh hq;= nj riamqáka lshd isàuhs' th rc mjqf,a {d;Skaf.a n,j;a úfrdaOhg fya;=úh'

fojeks ksfld,ia id¾ rcq c¾uksh yd igka jeo isáh o rc ìij meñ‚fha c¾uka rc mjqf,ks' tu ksidu rc ìijg o iajdNdúl úfrdaOhla rc mjq, ;=<u f.dvke.S ;snq‚' rc ìij c¾ukshg T;a;= imhk njg mjd lg l;d me;sr ;snq‚' c¾uksh iu. hqoaOfhka bj;aúh hq;= nj riamqáka lshk úg Tyq fj; o t,a,jQfha ta wdldrfhau úfrdaOhls' f,dal hqoaOfha§ isÿjQ úkdYhka jeäjk úg fuu úfrdaOh o Èfkka Èk by< .sfhah'

fuf,i újdod;aul pß;hla njg m;aj isá riamqáka m<uqjk jr >d;kh lsÍug oerE W;aidyfhka Èú .,jd .;af;ah' tjr Tyq >d;kh lsÍug W;aidy oerefõ lsfhdakshd .=fiajd kï ldka;djls' weh riamqákag msysfhka wek urd oeóug ;e;a l< o thska Tyq Èú .,jd .;af;ah'

riamqáka >d;kh lsÍug B<Õ l=uka;%Kh lf<a rc mjqf,a lKavdhuls' *S,slaia hqisfmdõ Èñ;%s mjqf,dúÉ we;=¿ rdclShhka msßila thg fmruqK .;ay' >d;kh i|yd f;dard .kakd ,oafoa hqisfkõ l=uref.a fudêld me,i ud,s.hhs'

1916 foieïn¾ 16 jeksod ^kj Èk o¾Ykh wkqj foieïn¾ 29 jeksod& riamqákag fudêld me,ia fj; meñfKk f,i wdrdOkh lrkq ,nhs' tfia meñfKk Tyqg ihkhsâ fh¥ flala lkakg § urd oeóu uq,a ie,iquhs' flfia fj;;a tu flala lEfuka riamqáka ñh fkd.sh úg hqäfmdõ l=ure riamqákag fjä ;eîh' fjä je§ jegqKq riamqáka tys oud hqäfmdõ l=ure yd wfkla l=uka;%KldÍyq t<shg .shy' miqj hqäfmdõ l=ure h<s meñ‚ úg riamqáka ke.sg l=uref.a f., ñßlSug W;aidy oeÍh' túg wka wh riamqákag fjä ;=kla ;enQ nj;a bkamiqj ìu jegqKq Tyf.a isrer we| we;sß,a,l T;d kdjd ..g oeuQ nj;a lsh;s' ysu ñ§ ;snQ kdjd .f.ys ;snQ riamqákaf.a isrer fidhd .kakd ,oafoa Èk ;=klg miqjh' urK mÍlaIKfha§ fy<sorõ jQ lreKla kï riamqákag j;=r fmù ;snQ njhs' thska tk ks.ukhla kï ..g ouk úg;a riamqáka mKmsáka isáh njhs'

riamqákaf.a isrere N+uodk lrk ,oafoa rc mjqf,a iqidk N+ñhlh' fmnrjdß úma,jfhka id¾ rcq n,fhka my lsÍfuka miqj riamqákaf.a isrer f.dvf.k wdodykh lf<ah' ta ms<sn|j ;sfnk jd¾;dj, i|yka jkafka riamqáka .sksf.dv ueo ke.S isáh njhs'

riamqákaf.a urKh ms<sn|j miqj fy<sorõ jQ f;dr;=re wkqj Tyqf.a urKh isÿùug fya;=jQfha ysig ;enQ fjä myrh' th wfkla fjä myr ;=kg jvd fjkiah' tu fjä myr ;nd ;snqfKa fjí,s 455 ßfjda,ajrhlsks' ta jkúg tu j¾.fha ßfjda,ajrhla ;snqfKa reishdfõ isá tla ;eke;a;l= <Õh' Tyq ¨;skka Tiaj,aâ f¾k¾h' ì%;dkH ryia T;a;= fiajd ks,Odßhl= f,i Tyq mSg¾ian¾.a kqjr fiajh lf<ah'

^,nk i;sfha rc mjqf,a wjidkh .ek riamqákaf.a wkdjelsh&