fmdf<dkakrej

YS% ,xldfõ me/KsrdcOdks w;ßka wkqrdOmqrhg muKla fojeks jk fmdf<dkakrej f,dal Wreu k.rhls'

w;S;fha mq,;sis mqrjrh f,i y÷kajd we;' fmdf<dkakrefõ k.rhla ks¾udKh lrk ,oafoa ljr ld,hl§ oehs ksYaÑ; ke;' úch rcqf.a úch kï wud;H jrfhl= úð;mqr kñka f.dvke.+ mqrjrh nj u;hls' ÿgq.euqKq rcq udi y;rl igklska úkdY lrk ,o t<dr rcqf.a úð;mqr n<fldgqj fmdf<dkakrej wdikakfha ;sfnkakg we;ehs o úYajdihls'

fmdf<dkakrej ms<sn| uydjxYfha uq<skau i|yka jkafka m<uqjeks Wm;siai rcq ls%ia;= j¾I 365 ;a 406 ;a w;r f;damd jej nekaojQ l;djhs' ls%ia;= j¾I 633 § ;=kajeks w.%fndaê rcq úiska lrjk ,o wdrduhla ms<sn| f;dr;=reo i|yka fõ' wkqrdOmqr rdcOdksh meje;s iufha we;eï rcjreka fmdf<dkakrej ish jdih i|yd f;dard.;a jxYl:d idOl j, i|yka fõ' ta wkqj wkqrdOmqr iufha§ o fmdf<dkakrefõ ÈhqKq k.rhla f,i mj;skakg we;'

miajeks ñysÿ rcq iufha fid<Syq furg wdl%uKh fldg wkqrdOmqrh rdcOdksh jkid fmdf<dkakrej isg rfÜ md,kh f.k .sfhah' j¾I 1065 § fid<Ska m<jdyer wkqrdOmqrfha§ rdcH wNsfIal ,nk uyd úchndyq rcq fmdf<dkakrejg meñK th w.kqjr lr .ekSfuka fmdf<dkakrefõ isxy, rdc jxYh wdrïN úh'

j¾I 1164 § fmdf<dkakrefõ rc meñK 33 jirla rdcH úpdrkq ,enQ uyd mrdl%undyq rcqf.a md,k iufha YS% ,xldj iy,ska iajhxfmdaIs; lrñka oejeka; jdßud¾. moaO;Skao bÈ lr ;sfí' tl< rdu[a[ mqrh" m`ä rg" rdðkd mqrh wd§ úfoia rdcHhka lsysmhlao hg;a lr.;a nj uydjxYfha i|yka fõ' fmf<dkakrefõ we;s kgUqka j,ska jeä m%udKhla fuu rc;=ud úiska lrjk ,o f.dvke.s<sh'

j¾I 1187 § rc meñKS ksYaYxlu,a, rcq ,xldj mqrd úydrd rdu m%;sixialrKh lrñka iy w¿f;ka lrjñka fi,a,sms /ila msysgqjd ;sfí' fmdf<dkakrefõ ft;sydisl .,afmd; keue;s fi,a,smsh fuu rcqf.a f,aLkhls'

foaYSh rcjre myf<dia fofkla o ,S,dj;S yd l<HdKj;S keue;s /ðkshka o md,kh f.k.sh fmdf<dkakre rdcOdksh ld,sx. ud>f.a wdl%uKfhka ì|jefÜ'

kej; fojeks mrdl%undyq ud> mrdch lr oUfoKsh ish rdcOdksh lr .;af;ah' Tyqf.a rdcdNsfIalh mj;ajk ,oafoa fmdf<dkakrefõ§h'

hdmyqfõ rc meñKs ;=kajeks mrdl%undyq rcq o<od jykafiao fmdf<dkakrej o<od ud<s.fha ;ekam;a lr ls%ia;= j¾I 1298 isg 1303 olajd jir myla fmdf<dkakrejg ù rdcH md,kh f.k .sfhah' Tyq fmdf<dkakrefõ wjika rcqh'

bka miq jir y;aishhla muK >k jkfhka jeiS ;snqKq fmdf<dkakre rdcOdksh ì%;dkH iufha kej; fy<s fmfy<s leß‚' kj fmdf<dkakre k.rhla oeka ;sfí' fmdf<dkakrej ÿïßh ia:dkh wi< lÿrefj< keue;s .fï fuu kj fmdf<dkakre k.rh msysgd we;' merKs wkqrdOmqrfha fuka merKs k.rfha kgUqka u; f.dvke.s<s bÈù ke;'

fmdf<dkakrefõ ffjchka; ud<s.h kñka ye¢kajQ mrdl%undyq ud<s.h" ksYaYxlu,a, ud<s.h" mrdl%undyq rdc iNd uKavmh" ksYaYxlu,a, rdc iNd f.dvke.s,a,;a fmdf<dkakrefõ rdcH md,kfha YS% úN+;sh lshdmdk idOlfhdah'

k.rfhka wE;aj msysá fmd;a.=,a fjfyr o fmdf<dkakrefõ kgUqka w;r iqúfYaIS fõ' ta wdikakfha we;s ms<srej uyd mrdl%undyq rcqf.a fyda mq,;sis kï iDIs jrhdf.ahehs o u;hla ;sfí'

› ,xldfõ úYd,;u ffp;Hh jQ fou< uyd iEho fmdf<dkakrefõ msysgqjd we;' o<od ud<s.h" mn¿ fjfyr" rkafld;a fjfyr" ueKsla fjfyr wd§ ffp;Hhkq;a noaO iSud m%didoh" ,ld;s,lh" .,a úydrh" ;sjxl ms<suf.h" Ysj foajd,h wdÈh fmdf<dkakrefõ we;s udye.s ks¾udKfhdah'

wg od f.a" yeg od f.a iy fmdf<dkakrej jgod f.a fmdf<dkakre hq.fha .Dy ks¾udK ,laIK úoyd oljhs' fmdf<dkakrefõ kgUqka jQ f.dvke.s,s yd l,d ks¾udK mÍlaId lsÍfï§ fmkS hkafka tajdg yskaÿ n,mEu úYd, jYfhka ,eî we;s njhs' fuu kgUqka w;r fyd¢kau wdrlaId ù we;af;a oekg olakg we;s merKs;u bÈlsÍu ùuo úfYaIhls' th fid<Ska úiska bÈlrk ,o Ysj foajd,hhs' i;a uy,a m%didoho fmdf<dkakrefõ we;s wmQre ks¾udKhls'

uQ,sl bÈlsÍï kgUqka ù .sh miq kej; m%;sixialrKh lsÍï iy ta u; kej; kej; bÈlsÍï olakg fkd,efUk fmdf<dkakre k.rh YS% ,xld b;sydifha ;j;a iaj¾Kuh hq.hl u;l igykls'

PdhdrEm

kgUqka ù ;snQ i;auy,a m%didoh yd jgodf.a	jkh fy<s fldg .,a úydrh fidhd.;a Èkj,§ o¾Ykh jQ whqre
fmdf<dkakrefõ merKs;u f.dvke.s,a, wxl 2 orK Ysj foajd,h	ksYaYxlu,a, rdc iNd uKavmh
.,afmd; wo	fmdf<dkakrej me/Ks k.rh
mrdl%undyq rc ud<s.h	jgod f.a
,xld;s,l úydrh	i;auy,a m%didoh
mrdl%undyq rdc iNd uKavmh	rkafld;a fjfyr
.,afmd; tod ÈiajQ wdldrh	yegod f.a
mrdl%undyq ms<suh fyda mq,;sis iDIs jrhdf.a rej hehs ie<eflk ms<suh